^{16th World Oncologists Congress}

Cancers are categorized via type of cell that the tumor cells resemble and is therefore presumed to be the origin of the tumor. Types of cancers are Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Lymphoma and leukemia, Germ cell tumor and Blastoma. These occurs in the different organs in the human body. Organ specific cancers specified by the name they occur at the particular organ. The most usual sites of cancer among men are lung, prostate, colon, rectum, stomach and liver. And those for among women include breast, colon, rectum, lung, cervix and stomach

Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial site to a site within the host's body. It is generally distinguished from cancer invasion, which is the direct extension and penetration by cancer cells into neigh boring tissues. Cancer can spread from its new site by local spread, lymphatic spread to regional lymph nodes or by hematogenous spread via the blood to distant sites, known as metastasis. If cancer spreads by a hematogenous route, it usually spreads all over the body. At the late stage of cancer metastatic tumours are very common

A biomarker is a quantifiable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease state, used in medicine. A cancer biomarker statuses to a constituent or procedure that is reveals the presence of cancer in the body, it may be secreted by the tumour or specific response to the presence of the body. Cancer biomarkers are especially used for the identification of breast cancer. Cancer biomarkers are used for the risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment prediction, pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics, developing drug targets and surrogate points.

Cancer screening aims at detection of cancer prior to onset of symptoms. Cancer screening involves blood tests, urine tests, DNA tests and other medical imaging techniques. It benefits for cancer prevention or identification of high risks of developing cancer by early diagnosis. Computed Tomography scan and Magnetic resonance imaging is available for full body screening. Some of the physical screenings are X-ray images, screening mammography, and biopsy.

Cancer Diagnosis and Diagnostics plays an important role throughout the cancer treatment. Diagnosis is done by some of the common tests which include blood test, CT scans, and endoscopy and tissue tests are biopsy.  Diagnostics are used to track the size of the tumor, progression of the disease, and patient response to treatment, and modify your treatment. Different types of cancer diagnostic tests are used to Screen at-risk individuals, Monitor treatment capability and disease advancement or reappearance, Predict prognosis and direct treatment, Screen an asymptomatic population for the early detection of cancer

Removal of the sarcoma without mutilation to the rest of the body is the ideal goal for the cancer treatment. This can be proficient by surgery, but the tendency of cancers to overrun adjacent tissue or to spread to distant sites by microscopic metastasis often parameters its effectiveness. Cancer can be treated by different procedures. The treatment is determined by the location, Phase and evaluation of the cancer. Radiation therapy is used to treat the patient with the ionization radiations which destroys the malignance cells. Chemotherapy, in which anti-cancer drugs are used. Cancer Immunotherapy is a type of treatment which triggers the immune system to treat the cancer. By inhibiting or removing the specific hormones, the cancer growth can be controlled; it can be called as Hormone Therapy in some cancers. Targeted treatment, in which the area of disease can be focused on effortlessly to treat metastatic tumors. Numerous novel Approaches to Cancer Therapeutics are being uncovered in the cancer science and treatment field .Cancer Science and Therapy Conferences are an undertaking to obtain dominance in cancer inquire about field

Tumor Immunology is concerned with understanding the part of the immune system in the development of cancer; the most recognised application is cancer immunotherapy, which exploits the immune system as a treatment for cancer. Cancer immunosurveillance seems to be a significant host defence process that decreases cancer rates through inhibition of carcinogenesis and continuing systematic cellular homeostasis. It has also been recommended to that immunosurveillance primarily functions as a component of a more general process of cancer immunoediting. Tumors may express tumor antigens either TSA (Tumor-specific antigen) or TAA (Tumor-associated antigen) that are recognized by the immune system and may induce an immune response. Immune system would be capable to perform a feature via a ‘bystander effect’ in eradicating chemotherapy-resistant cancer cells.

Gynaecologic oncology is a focused field of medicine that focuses on cancers of the female reproductive system. Gynaecologic Oncology is the study about any cancer that begins in a woman's reproductive organs. The five Gynaecology cancers start in the woman's pelvis at different places. Each cancer is distinctive by its signs, risk factors and in their strategies of prevention. All these five different types of Gynaecology Cancers risk increases with the age. When these cancers were noticed at their early stages, the treatment will be more efficient. The five main types of cancer affect a woman's reproductive organs are ovarian, uterine, cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancer. All these as a group are known as Gynaecology cancers.

Radiation therapy is a therapy which uses ionizing radiation, usually as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally distributed by a linear accelerator. Radiation oncology is medical subspecialty of oncology concerned with radiotherapy. Radiation oncology concerned with prescribing radiation and is differ from radiology.  It is also a mutual association of radiation therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy or some mixture of the four. Most common malignance types can be treated with radiation therapy in some way. A specialized physician who uses ionizing radiation to treat cancer is known as radiation oncologists.

Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with one or more chemotherapeutic agents as part of an unvarying regimen. The effectiveness of chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer and the stage. Chemotherapeutic techniques have an array of side-effects that depend on the type of medications used. The aids of chemotherapy sometimes outweigh the danger of adverse effects. Chemotherapy can be in most cases a major adjuvant to clinical therapy and/or radiotherapy. It is most successful against Leukaemia’s. Mechanism-based approaches have also been explored for several decades. About 30 chemotherapeutic drugs are in systematic use in the treatment of cancer till date. All Antitumor drugs may be positioned into one of three classes based on the relationship of the effect to the mitotic cycle of the cell.

1. Cell cycle active, phase specific
2. Cell cycle active, phase non-specific
3. Non-cell cycle active.

Clinical Oncology consists of full spectrum of Nonsurgical Cancers including the Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Palliative care and Biological targeted therapy. Clinical oncologists treat Solid tumors with Conventional Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Brachytherapy, Biological therapy, Molecular targeted therapy and from time to time with multimodality treatments that consist of the grouping of two or more Anti-cancer therapies. Clinical oncologists define cure by considering a range of factors including tumor type, the site of the tumor, the stage of the disease and the patient’s general health. They then measure the relative assets of different treatments before presenting these to the patient so that an informed decision can be made. The division also includes the study of Cancer staging, Cancer epidemiology, Brachytherapy, Cancer biostatistics etc

Surgery is used to analyse stage and treat cancer, and definite cancer-related symptoms. It is the branch of surgery functional to oncology; it focuses on the surgical supervision of tumors, particularly cancerous tumors. Among all Anti-cancer therapies, treatment of Cancer by surgery remains an elementary method for oncology. Surgical oncology is the branch of Oncology that deals with the surgical aspects of cancer including biopsy, cancer staging, and surgical resection of tumors it focuses on the surgical management of tumors, especially cancerous tumors. Surgical oncology is a specialized area of oncology that engages surgeons in the cure and management of cancer. Whether a patient is a candidate for surgery is contingent on factors such as the type, size, location, grade and stage of the tumor, as well as general health factors such as age, physical health and other medical comorbidities. For many patients, surgery will be pooled with other cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy or hormone therapy.

Cancer research sorts since epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the presentation of medical hearings to assess and relate presentations of the different cancer behaviours. These presentations contain surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. Cancer research comprises a multiplicity of procedures and interdisciplinary series of research. Researchers in cancer investigation may be expert in spaces such as chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, epidemiology, and biomedical engineering. Tumor virology accomplishes the specific infection diseases and malignancy, oncogenes, tumor silencers, oncogenic cofactors, disturbance of natural/versatile resistant reactions, inertness, viral mimicry/robbery of cell administrative qualities, genomic unsteadiness and part of non-coding RNAs in viral pathogenesis. The motivation overdue this examination is to create viral vectors for human growth quality treatment and to advance immunization procedures for treatment of viral-related malignancies. Limited practices are being trailed incorporating hereditary inoculation with recombinant viral vectors in view of Semliki Forest infection, insusceptible checkpoint inhibitors and methodologies to re-balance the immuno suppressive tumor condition.

Cancer pharmacology an association investigations of the major mechanism of signal transduction related with cell proliferation and apoptosis, the mechanism  of activity of anti-neoplastic specialists, the outline and revelation of new medications, essential components of DNA repair and DNA harm resilience and the advancement of novel techniques for quality treatment. Cancer Pharmacology deals with the drugs used in cancer treatment, their mechanism of action, their side effects and their mode of exclusion. Combination of Drugs and their ability plays a key choice of research interest. Investigation determinations in tumour pharmacology take account of trainings of the simple instruments of indication transduction related with cell multiplying and apoptosis, the contrivances of achievement of anti-neoplastic agents, the scheme and finding of original drugs, simple contrivances of DNA repair and DNA impairment acceptance and the progress of fresh plans for gene therapy. Importance is hired on the account and classification of elementary signing machines that generate the marks of molecules used for cancer therapy and DNA damage and renovation apparatuses that pay to anti-neoplastic drug conflict. The rule of tyrosine kinases, treating of proto-oncogenes, parameter of minor GTPases and their effectors, cell-cycle-specific kinases and DNA repair gene products are actuality studied as possible marks or to improve the efficiency of present chemotherapeutic means. The part of growing elements in the movement of solid and hematopoietic tumors is presently studied; innovative receptors and signal transduction paths are being recognized in usual and malicious tissues.

Cancer nanotechnology is a growth of treatment that offers some energizing potential consequences, counting the likelihood of obliterating malignancy growth with minor harm to wide-ranging tissue and organs, and additionally the detection and removal of diseased cells before they frame tumors. One treatment being operated which contains focused on chemotherapy that conveys a tumor-executing specialist called tumor rot factor alpha (TNF) to grow tumors. TNF is linked to a gold nanoparticle next to Thiol-derivatized polyethylene glycol (PEG-THIOL), which masks the TNF bearing nanoparticle from the indestructible framework. This approves the nanoparticle to course through the circulatory system without being assaulte.

Oncology nursing care is also an significant feature in the treatment of cancer which encounters the several needs of oncology patients all through the time of their disease containing appropriate screenings, preventative practices, symptom managing, care to recollect as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon end of life. Nurses need progressive certifications and clinical experiences in oncology other than the typical bachelorette nursing program provides. They are in responsibility of charting patients who have introduced because of treatment reactions, and also evaluating patients, amid and post-chemotherapy. The oncology cultivate requisite to have the capability to comprehend pathology comes about and their suggestions, and have an inside and out learning of the normal symptoms of growth medicines. The oncology support should likewise consume her relational abilities to adjust in to the patient, surveying their comprehension of the malady and its procedure and also the patient's passionate state.

Cancer has a varied nature in relation to the organ specificity. Utmost cancers are a collection of more than a hundred diseases that multiply throughout time in any of the body’s tissues. Each type of cancer has its capabilities; the simple procedures that produce most cancers are pretty comparable in all sorts of the diseases. A case record is the detailed document of signs and symptoms, prognosis, therapies of the limited sufferers of positive clinical records with unique healing strategies. As about 7.6 million of latest instances of malignancy documented every year, 1/2 of them are from developing countries. Case reports want to be up to date from all the statistics from the beyond.